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Authors who publish with JESTI retain the copyright of their work while granting the journal the right of first publication. The published articles are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which allows others to share, adapt, and build upon the work freely, provided appropriate credit is given to the original authors and source.

Authors are encouraged to distribute their work widely by:

• Posting it in institutional repositories, personal websites, or academic networks.

• Reusing parts of their article in future research or teaching materials, provided proper citation is included.

For permission to reproduce or translate any article published in JESTI, please contact the editorial office at jesti@mtc.edu.om